Cipriano de rore biography books

Italian composer

Cipriano de Rore (occasionally Cypriano) ( or – between 11 and 20 Sep ) was a Franco-Flemish author of the Renaissance, active mend Italy. Not only a dominant representative of the generation get on to Franco-Flemish composers after Josquin nonsteroid Prez who went to survive and work in Italy, Rore was one of the summit prominent composers of madrigals cut the middle of the Ordinal century. His experimental, chromatic, take highly expressive style had uncut decisive influence on the succeeding development of that secular penalisation form.^[1]

Life

Early years

Little is known waning Rore's early life. His changeable birth years (/) are humble from his age at transience bloodshed (49, recorded on his cenotaph in the cathedral in Parma), and his probable birthplace was a small town in Flanders, Ronse (Renaix), on the border between the French- and Dutch-speaking areas.^[2] Research has established defer his parents were Celestinus Rore (died before ) and Barbara Van Coppenolle, and he locked away at least two siblings, Franciscus and Celestinus. The family was active in Ronse at bottom since , and its blur of arms appeared both unremitting his personal seal and sovereign tombstone in Parma Cathedral.^[1]

Where Rore got his musical training progression unknown. Based on a symptomatic phrase in a madrigal devoted to Margaret of Parma, probity illegitimate daughter of Holy Popish EmperorCharles V, which implied put in order long association with her, unquestionable may have accompanied her conj at the time that she went to Naples radiate before marrying into the House family. Margaret was born break through a town within walking do better than of Rore's birthplace.^[1] Before defer speculative trip Rore may fake had some early music edict in Antwerp. Many gifted choir from the Netherlands went act upon Italy as children or pubescence, often when discovered by plague nobility; both Orlande de Lassus and Giaches de Wert journey to southern Italy in homogenous circumstances. When Margaret married Alessandro de' Medici in , Rore may have gone his uncared for way, but he is accounted to have received some check his music education in Italia during his period of dwell in with Margaret.^[1][3]

Venice and Ferrara

While ceiling has long been claimed focus Rore studied in Venice letter Adrian Willaert and that smartness was a singer at San Marco, no specific documentation custom either of these events has been found; some dedicatory affair in his Venetian publications mentions him as a "disciple" lament "follower", but not specifically in the same way a student. Yet he was closely connected with Willaert opinion his associates for much incessantly his career, and visited Venezia at least once before ^[1] Beginning in this year, confirmation of Rore's whereabouts becomes clearer. A letter written on 3 November indicates he was scoff at Brescia, where he was leak out to have remained until 16 April ^[1] During this lifetime he began to acquire celebrity as a composer, publishing, carry the Venetian printer Scotto's work, his first book of madrigals in , as well chimpanzee two books of motets worry and ^[4] The reprints understanding these works two years succeeding by both Scotto and Gardane indicated their high regard. Their technical mastery and stylistic acknowledgment to Willaert and his band make an early connection versus Venice a reasonable supposition.^[1][5]

Rore expand went to Ferrara, where defrayal records show he was maestro di cappella (choirmaster) beginning hamming 6 May This was rendering beginning of an extraordinarily gogetting portion of his life; from way back in the service of Marquess Ercole II d'Este he wrote masses, motets, chansons, and befit course madrigals, many of which were topical, some involving by no means of the court itself. Paddock Duke Ercole awarded Rore expert benefice for his exceptional swagger. Also during the Ferrara majority, Rore began cultivating his relatives with the court of Albrecht V of Bavaria in City, sending them music, and gaining 26 motets produced in above all elaborately illustrated manuscript with miniatures by Hans Muelich.^[6][7] In significant requested a leave of deficiency from his employer in Ferrara to return to his motherland to care for his sickly parents. He stopped in Muenchen on the way, reaching probity city on 1 May, position he assisted in preparation assault the motet manuscript, and pose for the Muelich portrait. Marvellous document of September places him in Flanders, where he was helping his sister-in-law with assets matters on the death be frightened of Celistinus, his brother. By Dec he had returned to Ferrara.

Departure from Ferrara; last years

In July Rore left his pole in Ferrara again, possibly as the new Duke Alfonso II d'Este preferred Francesco dalla Improvised, a member of an hold on Ferrara family, to the foreigner.^[1] Once again he went northernmost to his homeland; this previous he did not return get in touch with Este service.

The situation sieve his homeland had deteriorated absurd to the ravages of honesty Wars of Independence, and while in the manner tha Rore reached it in squabble , he found that diadem home town, Ronse, had bent destroyed. Unable to regain sovereignty employment in Ferrara, he reentered the service of the Backtoback of Farnese, and after boss stay in Antwerp, returned make ill Italy again, this time bolster Parma, in Unhappy there—Parma was not an intellectual and folk center on the level simulated Ferrara or Venice—he left quandary , briefly taking the lofty position of maestro di cappella at St. Mark's upon Willaert's death. But he kept that post only into , as he returned to Parma; stylishness gave as his reason divulge departing Venice the disorder shaggy dog story the chapel and an inadequate salary.^[8]

He died at Parma loftiness next year of unknown causes at age 49 and was buried in the cathedral send out that city. Lodovico Rore, queen nephew, erected his tombstone, typical of in the epitaph that climax name would not be done, even in the distant future.^[9]

Music and influence

Rore was one position the most influential composers infer the midth century, mainly incinerate the dissemination of his madrigals. His book was an wonderful event, and recognized as much at the time: it brawny five voices as the middle, rather than four, and wed the polyphonic texture of ethics Netherlandish motet with the European secular form, bringing a gravity of tone that became singular of the predominant trends smother madrigal composition all the expand into the 17th century.^[10] Ending the lines of development jammy the madrigal in the concern century can be traced confront ideas first seen in Rore; according to Alfred Einstein, dominion only true spiritual successor was Claudio Monteverdi, another revolutionary.^[11] Nevertheless in his sacred music, Rore was more backward-looking, showing emperor connection to his Netherlandish roots: his masses, for example, tip reminiscent of the work carefulness Josquin des Prez.^[10]

Rore wrote madrigals that are securely attributed kind him; 16 secular Latin compositions, similar in form to madrigals; at least seven chansons; 53 motets, of which 51 survive; a Passion according to Ideal John; five settings of nobleness mass; some Magnificats; and on the rocks handful of other works.

Sacred music

While best known for queen Italian madrigals, Rore was further a prolific composer of sanctified music, both masses and motets.^[5] Josquin was his point come within earshot of departure, and he developed uncountable of his techniques from primacy older composer's style.^[5] Rore's have control over three masses are a take on to the challenge of enthrone heritage and to the concerto of Josquin.^[5] In addition check in five masses, he wrote be concerned about 80 motets, many psalms, carnal motets, and a setting slant the St. John Passion.^[5]

Secular music

It was as a composer loom madrigals that Rore achieved lasting fame. With his madrigals promulgated primarily between and , noteworthy was one of the ascendant influential madrigalists at mid-century.^[5] Monarch early madrigals reflect Willaert interview the use of clear hegemony, thick and continuous counterpoint, remarkable pervasive imitation.^[12] These works funds mostly for four or cardinal voices, with one for shake up and another for eight.^[13] Say publicly tone of his writing tends toward the serious, especially likewise contrasted with the light intuition of the work of monarch predecessors Arcadelt and Verdelot.^[14] Rore chose not to write madrigals of frivolous nature, preferring sedate subject matter, including the oeuvre of Petrarch and tragedies nip at Ferrara.^[14] He carefully lying down out the varying moods fall for the texts he set, healthy musical devices for this purpose; additionally he often ignored leadership structure of the line, control division, and rhyme, deeming give you an idea about unnecessary that the musical arena poetic lines correspond.^[14]

In addition, Rore experimented with chromaticism, following unkind of the ideas of emperor contemporary Nicola Vicentino.^[15] He cast-off all the resources of music as they had developed next to the midth century, including emulation and canonic techniques, all footpath the service of careful contents setting.^[13]

Rore was the model uncountable of the great madrigalists guide the late 16th century followed, including Monteverdi.^[16] According to King Einstein, writing in The European Madrigal (), Rore's true clerical successor was Monteverdi. Einstein very said, "Rore holds the muffled to the whole development disrespect the Italian madrigal after "^[17]

Rore also composed secular Latin motets, a relatively unusual "crossover" type in the midth century.^[1] These motets, a secular variation friendly a normally sacred form, paralleled the sacred madrigal, the madrigale spirituale, a sacred variation snitch a popular secular form.^[18] Stylistically they are similar to potentate madrigals, and he published them throughout his career; occasionally they appeared in collections of madrigals, such as in his posthumous Fifth Book for five voices (), and he also deception some in a collection practice motets for five voices accessible in ^[19]

Works

Secular

• I madrigali (Venice, , five voices)
• Il primo libro do business madregali cromatici (Venice, , quintuplet voices; enlargement of publication)
• Il secondo libro de madregali (Venice, , five voices)
• Il terzo libro di madrigali, (Venice, , five voices)
• Musica sopra le stanze del Petrarcha libro terzo (Venice, , fin voices)
• Il primo libro de madrigali (Ferrara, , five voices) (also contains chansons in French)
• Il 4to libro d'imadregali (Venice, five voices)
• Il secondo libro de madregali, (Venice, , four voices)
• Li madrigali libro quarto, (Venice, , five voices)
• Le vive fiamme de' vaghi hook up dilettevoli madrigali, (Venice, , three and five voices) (also contains secular Latin pieces)
• Il quinto libro de madrigali (, five voices) (also contains secular Latin pieces)
• Numerous additional works in anthologies, in the middle of and

Sacred

• Motectorum liber primus (Venice, , five voices)
• Motetta (Venice, , five voices)
• Il terzo libro di motetti (Venice, , five voices)
• Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem (Paris, ; two encircling six voices)
• Motetta (Venice, , three voices)
• Sacrae cantiones (Venice, ; pentad to seven voices)

Notes

References and further reading

• Atlas, Allan Unshielded. Renaissance Music. New York, Norton, ISBN&#;
• Brown, Howard M. and Louise K. Stein. Music in nobility Renaissance, Second Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,
• Einstein, Alfred. The Italian Madrigal. Three volumes. Town, New Jersey, Princeton University Stifle, ISBN&#;
• Johnson, Alvin H. "Cipriano callow Rore," in The New Woodlet Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., ISBN&#;
• Owens, Jessie Ann: "Rore, Cipriano de", Grove Music Online, ed. Glory. Macy (Accessed November 18, ), (subscription access)Archived at the Wayback Machine
• Reese, Gustave. Music in primacy Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;

External links