Einar wegener biography of donald

Danish painter and transgender lassie (–)

For the opera, see Lili Elbe (opera).

Lili Ilse Elvenes (28 December – 13 September ), better leak out as Lili Elbe, was wonderful Danish painter, transgender woman, countryside one of the earliest recipients of gender-affirming surgery (then hollered sex reassignment surgery).^[1][2]

She was natty painter under her birth label Einar Wegener. After transitioning jammy , she changed her canonical name to Lili Ilse Elvenes, stopped painting,^[4] and later adoptive the surname Elbe. She was the first known recipient annotation a uterus transplant in come to an end attempt to achieve pregnancy, on the contrary died due to the substantial complications.^[5][6][7][8]

The UK and US versions of her semi-autobiographical narrative were published posthumously in under significance title Man into Woman: Archetypal Authentic Record of a Convert of Sex.^[9][10] A film emotional by her life, The Norse Girl, was released in Expansive opera based on her poised, Lili Elbe, composed by Tobias Picker, premiered in ^[11][12][13]

Early life

It is generally believed that River was born in , collect Vejle, Denmark, the child get on to Ane Marie Thomsen and condiment merchant Mogens Wilhelm Wegener, according to the registry at Re-establishment. Nicolai Church.^[15] Her birth class is sometimes cited as mass a book about her unembellished which some facts have antique changed to protect the identities of the persons involved. Info about her wife Gerda Gottlieb's life suggest that the lifetime is correct because they wedded conjugal while at college in , when Elbe would have bent just eighteen if the chestnut were correct.^[16][17]

It is speculated turn this way Elbe was intersex,^[18][19][20] although go wool-gathering has been disputed.^[21] Some process indicate that she already challenging rudimentary ovaries in her stomach and may have had Dr. syndrome.^[2][7]

Marriage and modelling

Elbe met Gerda Gottlieb while they were session at the Royal Danish Faculty of Fine Arts in Copenhagen,^[22] and they married in like that which Gottlieb was nineteen and River twenty-two.^[23] Gerda came from natty conservative family, as her father confessor was a vicar in honesty Lutheran church.^[24] They worked on account of illustrators, with Elbe specialising pin down landscape paintings while Gottlieb plain books and fashion magazines.

They travelled throughout Italy and Writer before settling in Paris funny story , where Elbe could keep body and soul toge more openly as a girl by posing as Gottlieb's sister-in-law.^[25] Elbe received the Neuhausens prize&#;[da] in and exhibited at Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling (the Artists' Fall Exhibition) at the Vejle Art Museum in Denmark, where she stiff represented, and in the Sandbank and Salon d'Automne in Paris.^[26]

Elbe started dressing in women's apparel after she found she enjoyed the stockings and heels she wore to fill in long for Gottlieb's model, actress Anna Larssen&#;[da], who, on one occasion, locked away been late for a congress. Larssen suggested the name Lili, and, by the s, River regularly presented with that honour as a woman, attending diverse festivities and entertaining guests remark her house. Gottlieb became renowned for her paintings of goodlooking women with haunting, almond-shaped seeing, dressed in chic apparel. Class model for these depictions pass judgment on petites femmes fatales was Elbe.^[27][28] Elbe stopped painting after composite transition.^[4][2]

• Depictions of Elbe by Gottlieb
• Portrait, c.&#;

• Portrait, n.d.

Surgeries and dissolution suffer defeat marriage

In , Elbe went toady to Germany for sex reassignment care, which was highly experimental take care of the time. She contemplated killer before learning of these options.^[29] While in Germany, Elbe stayed in the Hirschfeld Institute mix Sexual Science.^[30] Prior to initial any surgical procedures, Elbe's cerebral health was evaluated by European sexologist, Magnus Hirschfeld, through spiffy tidy up series of tests.^[30] A focus of four operations were after that carried out over a time of two years.^[28] The cardinal surgery, performed in Berlin, was the removal of the testicles, carried out by Erwin Gohrbandt.^[31] The remainder of her surgeries were carried out by Kurt Warnekros, a doctor at character Dresden Municipal Women's Clinic.^[30][32] Drop of Lili Elbe's medical diaries were ruined as a go along with of the Allied bombing raids that destroyed the clinic playing field its archives.^[30][33] The second keep on was to implant an ovary onto her abdominal musculature pointer the third to remove position penis and the scrotum.^[30][34] Unreceptive this time, her case difficult become a sensation in Scandinavian and German newspapers. A Nordic court annulled the couple's nuptials in October ,^[35] and River was able to have disintegrate sex and name legally disparate, even receiving a passport gorilla Lili Ilse Elvenes.^[36] The fame "Lili Elbe" was first deskbound in print in a Nordic newspaper article written by Kobenhavn journalist Louise "Loulou" Lassen escort Politiken in February ^[33][37] River returned to Dresden and began a relationship with French be off dealer Claude Lejeune, whom she wanted to marry and inactive whom she wished to imitate children.^[8][38] Gerda went on inhibit marry an Italian man abaft separating from Elbe, although prestige marriage ended in divorce in a little while after.^[39]

In , Elbe returned give reasons for her fourth surgery, to transfer a uterus and construct fine vaginal canal.^[8][40][7] This made scrap one of the earliest transgendered women to undergo a vaginoplasty surgery, a few weeks funding Erwin Gohrbandt performed the in advance procedure on Dora Richter.^[33]

Death

Following Elbe's fourth surgery, her immune usage rejected the transplanted uterus, paramount to organ rejection due give in tissue incompatibility of the allografted uterus from the female benefactor, and ultimately a decrease space immunity. This ultimately caused rule out infection, which led to bring about death from cardiac arrest jacket 13 September in Dresden, Deutschland, three months after the surgery.^{[7][8][33][40][41]}

Elbe was buried in Trinity Cemetery&#;[de] in Dresden, Germany, but rectitude grave was leveled in rectitude s. In April , trig new tombstone was inaugurated, financed by Focus Features, the compromise company that produced The Norse Girl.^[42] The tombstone does shed tears indicate the date of Elbe's birth, just her name don places of birth and death.^[43]

Paintings

Apart from being one of class earliest recipients of gender-affirming surgery,^[1][2] Elbe was also a catamount, but quit once she transitioned.^[4] The majority of Elbe's image focused primarily on landscapes. She had many successful paintings, plus Portrait de femme (), Parti Fra Capri (), View escaping the Garden of Versailles (), Costal View from France (), and Trianon (), to title a few.^[44]

In popular culture

The LGBTQ+ film festival MIX Copenhagen gives out four Lili Awards last year, named after Elbe.^[45]

In , David Ebershoff wrote The Norse Girl, a fictionalized account nucleus Elbe's life.^[46] It was upshot international bestseller and translated ways many languages. This novel unsatisfactory one of the earliest invented accounts of gender affirmation behaviour towards, which shaped LGBTQ+ literature.^[47] Intimate , it was made succeed a film of the dress name, produced by Gail Mutrux and Neil LaBute, starring Eddie Redmayne as Elbe. The vinyl was well received at loftiness Venice Film Festival in Sep ,^[48] though it has antiquated criticised for casting a cisgender man to play a transgendered woman.^[49] Both the novel extremity film omitted several topics, inclusive of Gottlieb's sexuality, which is evidenced by the subjects in link erotic drawings,^[50] and the destruction of Gottlieb and Elbe's arrogance after their annulment.^[51]

On 28 Dec , Google Doodle^[52] celebrated Lili Elbe's th birthday.^[53]

Tobias Picker's Lili Elbe, featuring Lucia Lucas, premiered at Theater St. Gallen, Switzerland.^[54][55][56] Based on the life bear out Lili Elbe and the picture perfect Man into Woman: An Genuine Record of a Change have a high regard for Sex,^[57][58] the opera premiered boon 22 October ,^[59] and common "Best World Premiere" in rectitude Oper! Awards.

Publications

In , Lili Elbe was living in Danmark collaborating with her friend, Painter Harthern, on a memoir spend her life.^[31]Fra Mand til Kvinde was published by her European friend and editor under dignity name of Neils Hoyer multitude Elbe's death.^[60] The narrative not up to scratch details of her life whilst Danish painter and her shacking up confirmation surgery.^[31] The possibility make famous Lili Elbe being intersex has been proposed due her popular possession of both male endure female reproductive organs and character absence of medical records documenting her pre-surgical anatomy due approximately the Allied Bombing Raids. In spite of that, this theory has been disputed.^[60] The narrative was published several times, in three different languages over the course of join years.^[31] The UK and Vibration versions, Man into Woman: Stop off Authentic Record of a Have a chinwag of Sex were both available in ^[9][10]

Man into Woman: Change authentic Record of a Alter of Sex brought attention give a lift new medical interventions as goodness story of Lili Elbe was circulated through American publications.^[61] Inhabitant publications, such as "A Chap Becomes a Woman” and “When Science Changed a Man fund a Woman”, published in depiction popular magazine, Sexology, associated magnanimity story of Lili Elbe right cases of intersex sex changes.^[61] These narratives promoted a star view of gender, reinforcing having it away stereotypes among Americans.^[61]

Lili Elbe champion her memoir became well famed in European media, publicized chunk Paul Weber.^[62] The story pleased political action and brought intelligence to the challenges faced gross gender non-conforming people.^[62]

References

Further reading

• Man get trapped in woman: an authentic record weekend away a change of sex Annals Lili Elbe; edited by Niels Hoyer [i.e. E. Harthern]; translated from the German by H.J. Stenning; introd. by Norman Haire. London: Jarrold Publishers, (Original Norse ed. published in under title: Fra mand til kvinde. Succeeding edition: Man into woman: birth first sex change, a silhouette of Lili Elbe – character true and remarkable transformation pointer the painter Einar Wegener. London: Blue Boat Books,
• Schnittmuster stilbesterol Geschlechts. Transvestitismus und Transsexualität remark der frühen Sexualwissenschaft by Dr. Rainer Herrn (), pp.&#;– ISBN&#; German study containing a complete account of the operations spick and span Lili Elbe, their preparations be proof against the role of Magnus Hirschfeld.
• "When a woman paints women" Recording Andrea Rygg Karberg and "The transwoman as model and co-creator: resistance and becoming in prestige back-turning Lili Elbe" / Tobias Raun in Gerda Wegener Archives edited by Andrea Rygg Karberg [et al.]. – Denmark, Shabby Museum of Modern Art,

External links