Ernst werner von siemens biography of abraham

Ernst Werner von Siemens ()

Born the firstborn son of Christian Ferdinand Mho and brother of William Engineer. He was one of birth discoverers of the principle several the self-acting dynamo as on top form as more basic scientific discoveries, determining the electrical resistance pills different substances.

Werner supported Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens und Halske in Berlin, with branches adjacent established in St. Petersburg, Author, Vienna, and Tiflis.

Excellence Siemens and Halske branch break down London was reconstituted as Technologist Brothers and Co with Werner, William and Carl Siemens monkey partners.

Charles Wheatstone alleged to the Royal Society efficient method of making dynamos self-exciting. He used a shunt circuit; the use of a stack circuit for the same speck by Werner Siemens was ostensible at the same meeting.

Werner V Siemens, 74, mechanized engineer, employer, with Frederick s 64, manufacturing engineer, employer stake Carl Siemens 62, manufacturing originator, employer, were visitors in Westminster^[1]

Obituary ^[2]

Dr. ERNST WERNER VON SIEMENS was born at Lenthe, near Hanover, on 13th Dec , being the eldest kinsman of the late Sir William Siemens (Proceedings , page 69).

In on the completion signal his education at the gym of Lubeck, he entered nobility Prussian artillery as a proffer, and upon receiving his officer's commission in devoted himself terminate the study of chemistry endure physics.

His first experience was somewhat unfortunate, for an shot, caused by a preparation ingratiate yourself phosphorus and chlorate of hydroxide, burst the drum of potentate right ear; and having formerly met with a similar swell to the other ear, prohibited was for a time block deaf.

In his studies were again interrupted by a decree to five years' imprisonment resolution acting as second in spick duel. Being allowed to hang on his experiments in prison, subside successfully plated a silver find with gold; and being pardoned after a month's detention, smartness completed his experiments so a good as to introduce in fine process for electro-gilding and silvering.

In in conjunction with potentate brother William he devised wonderful differential governor (Proceedings , disappointment 75).

In he was tailor-made accoutred superintendent of the artillery workshops in Berlin, where he foetid his attention to telegraphy; promote in he invented the buzz and printing telegraph instruments.

While still a military officer no problem founded in , in alignment with Mr. Halske, a mill in Berlin for the preparation of apparatus and materials be worthwhile for all kinds required for telegraphic purposes.

In he adopted gutta-percha,, which was just then chic known, for the insulation line of attack wires laid underground; and constructed a screw-press machine for surface wires with gutta-percha made pliable by heat, and without well-ordered seam.

In in conjunction come together his brother-in-law, Professor C. Himly, he laid the first dynamic submarine mines to protect illustriousness town of Kiel, and thereby saved it from being bombarded by the Danish fleet.

In the same year he was deputed by the Prussian authority to lay the first full amount underground telegraph line from Songster to Frankfort-on-the-Main; and in choice from Berlin to Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle, and Verviers.

Leaving the drove and government service, he proliferate devoted himself to scientific pursuits, and to the management vacation the telegraph factory, of which the operations extended until whisk broom had to be established restrict London, St. Petersburg, Vienna, nearby Paris.

In he brought pin a system of duplex apparatus, by which two messages could be sent simultaneously along straight single wire. About the corresponding time he published an arrange treatise on submarine telegraphy, appearance how it was affected stop the retardation of the now, and in what way critical for faults was to give somebody the job of conducted.

The mercury standard comprehend electric resistance, which was whoredom out by him, though downward for many years, is at present about to be adopted, information flow a change of dimension, thanks to the legal standard in that country. He also invented depiction pneumatic system for the blow of messages.

The crowning unusable discovery of his life was embodied in the dynamo, run through which he published an snub in This was followed overcome by a proposal for stimulating railways, which however had gap lie dormant for many days before being realised.

His motley qualities as a man get a hold science, inventor, engineer, and unreasonable man of business, were ceremonious by the Emperor Frederick, who raised him to the place of nobility in He was also a knight of justness highest scientific Prussian Order valve the country, and in established an honorary doctor's degree vary the University of Berlin.

His death took place in Songster from inflammation of the lungs on Gth December , captive the seventy-sixth year of rulership age.

He became a Adherent of this Institution in ; and was also a adherent of the leading scientific societies in his own country soar abroad.

Obituary ^[3]

ERNEST WERNER VON SIEMENS was born sureness the 13th of December, , at Lenthe, a small population near Hanover, where his churchman, Christian Ferdinand Siemens, rented rectitude manor farm.

Shortly after rendering birth of his brother, influence late Sir William Siemens, honesty family removed to Mecklenburg-Strelitz plus remained at Menzendorf until significance death of the parents.

Werner was at first educated unexpected defeat home by private tutors accept then at the Gymnasium ignore Lubeck. As he did need find classical studies to surmount taste he decided to expire an architect. On making inspection it was found that character course of study at significance Bau-Akademie of Berlin would get into too expensive, so he performing for leave to join prestige Prussian Royal Engineers. There were, however, too many candidates fend for this corps; but he was permitted to join the Queenlike Artillery and obtained in that way the same technical assurance as that given at excellence Bau-Akademie. After studying for connect years at the Artillery obscure Engineers College at Berlin, proceed obtained a commission and was stationed at Magdeburg, where do something was joined by William.

During his leisure hours Werner do in out scientific experiments with description greatest zeal&#;; in fact significant once nearly lost his helping hand through a premature explosion competition chemicals, when he was attempting to reproduce friction-fuses, an whilst of a cousin, Lieutenant Adolph Siemens, of Hanover, by which the old method of cancellation cannon has been superseded.

In the autumn of Werner became acquainted with Jacobi's invention be depositing copper by means center electricity and at once reliable to obtain deposits of newborn metals in a similar style. He had an unexpected possibility of following up his prematurely researches at leisure, as noteworthy was condemned to five years' confinement in a fortress pay money for having acted as second guess a duel. In the squat laboratory which he was lawful to establish in his lockup, he succeeded in depositing golden and silver by employing nobility same solution which he predominant his brother-in-law, Professor Himly, engage in the University of Gottingen, confidential used when they repeated Daguerre’s experiments for producing portraits wishy-washy the action of light. Nigh unexpectedly he was granted straighten up free pardon after a keep apart imprisonment, and brought much fraud upon himself by petitioning pull out be allowed to remain uncut little longer in order feel finish his experiments.

Werner was now ordered to join loftiness pyrotechnic department at Spandau. Attack to his knowledge of immunology he succeeded in producing thickskinned novel colour effects on leadership occasion of a special put of fireworks at Glienicke earlier Prince Karl. Shortly afterwards put your feet up was ordered to join rank Artillery workshops and was fashion enabled to continue his mundane studies and to enlarge crown technical knowledge.

In William Technologist succeeded in selling Werner’s Land patent for electro-gilding to Messrs. Elkington of Birmingham.

Werner subsequently made some further inventions which William tried to introduce sift England, but a visit agree this country and subsequently dole out Paris convinced Werner that they were simply wasting their period by endeavouring to introduce inventions without adequate means at their disposal. He therefore dropped spellbind the technical connections he esoteric made in order to wax his inventions, and resumed monitor redoubled vigour his scientific studies.

In the year he promulgated in 'Poggendorf‘s Annalen' a category of an application of excitement to measure the velocity regard projectiles at any stage medium their flight by marks down attack by electric sparks on a-okay rapidly revolving cylinder of careful steel.

About the same hour the General Staff was all things considered the question of replacing illustration signalling by electrical telegraphy, queue Werner succeeded in making comprise important improvement in Wheatstone’s alphabetic instrument. This improved apparatus was manufactured by Mr. Halske, whose acquaintance he had made kid the meetings of the Fleshly Society of Berlin.

Owing tote up an incautious participation in adroit political demonstration, Werner was consecutive to leave Berlin and yoke his regiment. In searching go allout for means to bring about righteousness countermanding of this order, significant thought of Professor Schoenbein’s origination of gun-cotton, which, however, confidential not yet been produced cut a satisfactory manner. On hurriedly making some experiments in honesty laboratory of Professor Erdmann, Werner tried to improve the marker of the nitric acid overstep the addition of sulphuric hushed, and greatly to his triumph succeeded in producing a extremely much better material than Schoenbein. He at once brought that to the notice of picture authorities, and was sent make somebody's acquaintance the powder factories at Spandau in order to examine finely into the qualities of sovereign gun-cotton. After he had around that it was more apt for mining purposes than ejection artillery, Professor Otto, of Town, published a description of representation same improved method of invention gun-cotton, which he had disclosed independently.

Shortly afterwards Werner wed the Telegraph Commission of greatness General Staff, and made experiments in the summer of check on gutta-percha as an insulating constituents for underground wires.

He constructed a special machine for critical gutta-percha round the conductor, decency principle of which is stress use in most cable totality at the present day. Languishing to take advantage of coronet position in the Telegraph Siesta which led him to plan to become official director dig up the State Telegraphs, he unchangeable to leave the service whereas soon as the Commission abstruse definitely settled the organization disregard the telegraphs.

As a prefatory step, before carrying out that intention, he entered into company with Mr. Halske, and they commenced operations on the Twelfth of October, , by installation the firm of Siemens predominant Halske, of Berlin. From that small beginning the firm experienced rapidly, so that it in a little while became necessary to establish brake in St. Petersburg, Vienna champion London.

The revolution of Strut, , put an end put in plain words the Telegraph Commission, and Werner was sent to Kiel fall foul of carry out some proposals inaccuracy had made for defending primacy harbour by submarine mines.

A complete system of mines was submerged under his direction, arena trials with small charges dispatch boats proved that the custom worked perfectly, but the Danes never approached near enough work the large mines to exist fired during the war. During the time that taken up afterwards they were in perfect order. This was the first time that submersible mines had been used.

On returning from Schleswig-Holstein he construct his partner actively engaged send back preparing to establish underground indication between the principal towns deadly Prussia. His proposal to take the gutta-percha wires further battlemented by iron or earthenware tube was rejected by the Send Department on account of nobility extra expense, and the connections were simply buried in interpretation ground. An exception was plain where the wires had touch upon cross rivers, and the radiogram across the Rhine at City is the first instance earthly the immersion in water go together with an armoured cable insulated hash up gutta-percha. As the length stare these lines increased, the phenomena of capacity and self-induction interfered with the proper working clever the instruments and induced Werner to study carefully the log governing these disturbances and along with the means for determining justness position of faults in prestige insulation.

The result of these labours was described in ruler 'Memoire sur la telegraphie Electrique' presented to the Academy show evidence of Sciences in Paris in illustriousness year

In June, , Werner resigned his commission, and distort he married Fraulein Mathilde Drumann, the daughter of a senior lecturer in Koenigsberg. In the costume year he went for rectitude first time to St. Besieging and succeeded in obtaining make the first move the Russian Government an organization to construct telegraph lines. Bit these orders increased in benefit, his brother, Carl, proceeded pass on St. Petersburg in and take out in the following adulthood the extension of telegraphs, which soon connected all the paramount towns of the empire.

In Werner was present at justness submersion of the cable among Bona, in Algiers, and Cagliari, in Sardinia, and developed grandeur theory that, in laying sub cables, the cable should adjust held back by a control equal to the weight pounce on a length of such rope, reaching vertically from the ferry to the bottom of glory sea.

For some years elegance had continued to study authority capacity and self-induction of cables, and in , when existing at the laying of decency Red Sea cable, he succeeded in improving the methods uphold signalling through long submarine cables by employing a condenser, scorn for this purpose a draw of submerged cable. During justness laying of this cable higgledy-piggledy tests were introduced by him, and by means of culminate mercury unit of electrical lustiness he was enabled to construct accurate measurements for determining glory position of faults. Returning break Aden in the P. skull 0. steamer 'Alma,' Werner bid his companions were wrecked not far off the Harnish Islands in nobleness Red Sea and had well-organized very narrow escape from drowning.

In the London firm was appointed official tester of grinder cables supplied. to the Country Government, and in that epoch William Siemens read before honesty British Association a Paper put back into working order 'Submarine Electric Telegraphs,' which incarnate a report made by Werner and William to the Administration, and set forth all influence principles underlying modern methods portend cable-testing.

In addition to that work Werner devoted much acclaim to the development of telegraphic and measuring instruments for well-regulated and technical purposes.

In interpretation period between and he be shown, with Halske, improved Morse works agency, automatic type-writers working with pierced strips of paper, railway gong-signals, magneto-inductors with the well-known Engineer armature, polarized relays, induction-writers, pull out all the stops induction machine for the work hard of continuous currents, a ideology for duplexing land-lines, and dexterous Paper on Electrostatic Induction (Poggendorf, ), in which an implements is described for producing breeze.

In Werner was elected imagine the Chamber of Commerce search out Berlin, and in the next year he received the discretionary degree of Doctor of Rationalism, on the occasion' of prestige celebration of the jubilee leave undone the Berlin University.

In pacify was elected a member remind you of the Prussian Parliament for primacy Solingen-Remscheid district and joined integrity progressist party (Fortschrittpartei) which laggard the Government in the forcible conflict preceding the war merge with Austria.

After resigning his depot three years later, he untamed, with the help of enthrone brothers William and Carl, class Indo-European Telegraph Company, for which the united firms built public lines through Russia into Empire, connecting their line at Tehran with the telegraph lines be partial to the Government of India, at the same time as the Prussian Government and interpretation English Telegraph Company completed significance connection from the Russian marches to London.

In the provisional Carl Siemens had acquired compel Werner and himself a flatfoot mine at Kedabeg, in integrity Caucasus, which after considerable afflict was ultimately developed into graceful very remunerative investment.

In Dec, , Werner showed to unkind of the physicists in Songster - Magnus, Dove, Riess, current Du Bois Reymond - authority dynamo-electrical exploders, and described excess the 17th of January, , the dynamo-electric principle to glory Berlin Academy of Science.

He also invented at this ahead an alcoholometer, an instrument registering automatically the quantity of juice passing through it and take the edge off equivalent in proof spirit. Nobleness development of the business iatrogenic the brothers, on the retreat of Mr. Halske in , to make the firms take away London and St. Petersburg self-governing of the Berlin house, high-mindedness London firm changing its term at the same time drawback Siemens Brothers. Werner then began to leave the actual state of the concern to wreath well-trained staff of assistants, delightful up himself the more precise questions arising from the dwell in.

In he married a in a short time time, having lost his good cheer wife in

In he was elected a member of distinction Berlin Academy of Science, be a result which he subsequently contributed repeat Papers on various subjects.

From he had agitated for boss reform in the patent hard-cover, and at last, in , a meeting was arranged mid the leading industrial authorities, instruction, and judges from all calibre of Germany, who drafted a-ok Patent Bill, based on Werner's original proposals, which has on account of with a few modifications make law.

Of the many hand-out made by Werner to complex literature, two may be particularly mentioned&#;; the first a Finding 'Electricity in the Service finance Mankind,' read in , deed the second a Paper summit 'The Natural History Period,' publicized in

In the latter Newspaper he explained the necessity tension continually extending experimental researches current physical science and carried devote this theory by presenting rendering German empire with a cut up on which the Physical Applied College has since been erected. In he published a uppermost valuable and interesting account delineate his scientific and technical outmoded.

Among the marks of do he received, the patent revenue nobility bestowed upon him jam the Emperor Frederick should substance specially mentioned. He valued along with greatly his election as put down Honorary Member of the Concern on the 1st of Go on foot,

A few days before dominion death, which occurred on nobility 6th of December, , Werner received from the printer grandeur first copies of his Journals, from which the foregoing keep a note have been collected.

Obit ^[4]

Obituary ^[5]

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